ISLAMIC, Caucasus (Pre-Seljuq). Volga-Bulgarians. Anonymous. Dirham (Silver, 35 mm, 7.55 g), AH 4th century / AD 10th century. Very poor and deviant imitation of the Kalima in three lines; ʿqrlʾ at the bottom; two pseudo Arabic marginal legends. Rev. Very poor and deviant imitation of the Kalima in four lines; the name Jaʿfar at the top; a pseudo Arabic marginal legend. Cf. Album Q1481 and 1476H. Very rare and of great interest. Some weakness and scratches, otherwise, very fine.